Ohio

Citizenship Checks and Mail-In Ballot Deadline Restrictions

What to Know: 

SB 293 was passed by the Ohio Senate and the state House of Representatives on November 20, 2025, and signed by Gov. DeWine on December 19, 2025. The bill initially only focused on mail-in ballot deadline restrictions, but was amended by the House of Representatives to include documentary proof of citizenship requirements, which were quickly adopted by the Senate.

SB 293 creates an onerous citizenship checks process that makes it harder to stay registered to vote, especially for naturalized citizens or anyone that doesn’t have ready access to citizenship documents when they get their driver’s license.  The bill also restricts the ability of Ohioans to vote by mail by eliminating the four-day grace period after Election Day for mail-in ballots to be delivered to the board of elections.

The voting process in Ohio is already safe and secure. State legislators should be focused on making it easier for eligible Ohio citizens to cast their ballots but are instead trying to use their power to complicate the process and silence voters.

New ‘Show Your Papers’ Citizenship Check Rules

Under SB 293 in Ohio, the Secretary of State’s office is required to perform a monthly check of voter records against government databases likely to have outdated citizenship information to identify alleged noncitizens, and use that information to cancel voter registrations of people who cannot provide documents like a passport or birth certificate to prove their citizenship. 

Moreover, these provisions require: 

  • Registered voters to provide documentary proof of citizenship (DPOC) at the polls if they provide an Ohio ID or driver’s license as voter ID that has the non-citizen notation on it. (Since the implementation of HB 458 in Spring 2023, all Ohio driver’s license and ID holders must provide DPOC at the time of application/renewal or their license/ID will be given the notation non-citizen.).
  • Voters who are asked for DPOC to show citizenship documents that reflect the name on their voter registration, which may require multiple documents for people who changed their name.
This all means that thousands, if not tens of thousands, of eligible Ohio voters could be forced to vote provisionally and show their DPOC  before their vote is counted. Failure to take these additional steps may result in their ballot being thrown out and their voter registration being cancelled.

Why Do We Need a Grace Period For Mail In Ballots to Be Delivered?

In Ohio in 2024:

Ballots Received During the Grace Period
0
Voters Cast a Ballot by Mail
0

In recent elections, the United State Postal Service as well as state and local election officials have repeatedly warned that thousands of ballots would not arrive by Election Day because USPS has lacked the capacity to meet reasonable delivery expectations.This is still the case  in 2025, and for the foreseeable future,  as postal delays remain a persistent, nationwide problem.

In Ohio alone, more than 9,500 ballots were received during the four-day post-election window in 2024. Each of these ballots was properly completed, postmarked on time, and mailed before the legal deadline by an eligible Ohio voter. Under SB 293, these 9,500 U.S. citizens who were eligible to vote in Ohio and cast their ballots before their election would have been disenfranchised solely due to postal delivery times beyond their control.

Furthermore, this grace period builds trust in our election system. Hundreds of thousands of Ohioans trust that their mail-in ballots will be counted. Of the more than 2.6 million Ohioans who voted before Election Day last November, 803,253 (31%) voters placed their trust in the US Postal Service as their preferred method of ballot return. Disqualifying the ballots of thousands of eligible voters who reasonably expect to rely on USPS in future elections would gravely undermine this public trust.

The Bottom Line: This bill unjustly punishes voters who have taken all the correct steps to cast their ballot by mail for circumstances that are out of their control.

Who Will Be Impacted the Most?

If SB 293 becomes law, it will disproportionately disenfranchise:

Married Women

Women who have changed their name after getting married

The Transgender Community

Transgender people who have changed their name

Naturalized Citizens

Newly naturalized citizens who may still show up as noncitizens in some outdated databases

Rural Voters

Rural voters face longer and less frequent mail delivery routes

Seniors and People With Disabilities

Seniors and Ohioans with disabilities, for whom voting by mail is often the only accessible option

People Without Reliable Transportation

Voters without reliable transportation, including students and low-income Ohioans, who frequently depend on the mail to cast their ballots

What We’ve Done:

November 5, 2025

More Like This

Increasing access to pre-Election Day voting opportunities like by-mail voting is a top priority of the Fair Elections Center’s Voting Rights Project. Read more about our policy priorities here.

OH SB 153/HB 233 would require documentary proof of citizenship, along with other sweeping changes to election code like banning the use of drop boxes and requiring multiple forms of identification to match your voter registration. The bill would also drastically change the process for citizen-led ballot initiatives.

Letter requesting Ohio Governor Mike DeWine to veto HB 458, containing strict voter ID requirements among other restrictive measures (2023)
Learn more about documentary proof of citizenship requirements to register to vote and why these laws are bad for voters.

Last updated: December 2, 2025